the desiring

spīrĭtus, ūs (scanned spĭrĭtus, Sedul. Hymn. 1 fin.; dat. SPIRITO, Inscr. Orell. 3030; gen., dat., and abl. plur. only eccl. and late Lat., e. g. spirituum, Vulg. Marc. 6, 7:

spiritibus,

Aug. Serm. 216, 11 fin.; Vulg. Luc. 8, 2), m. [spiro], a breathing or gentle blowing of air, a breath, breeze (syn.: aura, flatus).

Lit.

In gen.:

spiritum a vento modus separat: vehementior enim spiritus ventus est, invicem spiritus leviter fluens aër,

Sen. Q. N. 5, 13, 4; cf. Plin. Ep. 5, 6, 5: spiritus Austri Imbricitor, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 2 (Ann. v. 423 Vahl.), Cic. poët. N. D. 2, 44, 114:

Boreae,

Verg. A. 12, 365:

quo spiritus non pervenit,

Varr. R. R. 1, 57, 2; cf.:

silentis vel placidi spiritus dies,

Col. 3, 19 fin.:

alvus cum multo spiritu redditur,

Cels. 2, 7 med. —

In partic.

The air: imber et ignis, spiritus et gravis terra, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 37 Müll. (Ann. v. 511 Vahl.):

proximum (igni) spiritus, quem Graeci nostrique eodem vocabulo aëra appellant,

Plin. 2, 5, 4, § 10:

quid tam est commune quam spiritus vivis?

Cic. Rosc. Am. 26, 72; cf. Quint. 12, 11, 13:

potestne tibi haec lux, Catilina, aut hujus caeli spiritus esse jucundus?

Cic. Cat. 1, 6, 15.—

An exhalation, smell, odor:

spiritus unguenti suavis,

Lucr. 3, 222:

foedi odoris,

Cels. 5, 26, 31 fin.:

florum,

Gell. 9, 4, 10:

sulfuris,

Pall. Aug. 9, 1; cf. Hor. C. 3, 11, 19.—

Breathed air, a breath:

quojus tu legiones difflavisti spiritu,

Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 17.— Absol.: (equus) saepe jubam quassit simul altam: Spiritus ex animā calida spumas agit albas, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 3 (Ann. v. 507 Vahl.):

creber spiritus,

Lucr. 6, 1186:

ardentes oculi atque attractus ab alto Spiritus,

Verg. G. 3, 505:

petitus imo spiritus,

Hor. Epod. 11, 10:

in pulmonibus inest raritas... ad hauriendum spiritum aptissima,

Cic. N. D. 2, 55, 136:

diffunditur spiritus per arterias,

id. ib. 2, 55, 138:

animantium vita tenetur, cibo, potione, spiritu,

id. ib. 2, 54, 134:

si spiritum ducit, vivit,

id. Inv. 1, 46, 86:

tranquillum atque otiosum spiritum ducere,

id. Arch. 12, 30:

longissima est complexio verborum, quae volvi uno spiritu potest,

id. de Or. 3, 47, 182:

versus multos uno spiritu pronuntiare,

id. ib. 1, 61, 261:

spiritus nec crebro receptus concidat sententiam, nec eo usque trahatur, donec deficiat,

Quint. 11, 3, 53:

lusit vir egregius (Socrates) extremo spiritu,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 40, 96; cf. id. Sest. 37, 79: quorum usque ad extremum spiritum est provecta prudentia, id. Sen. 9, 27:

quos idem Deus de suis spiritibus figuravit,

Lact. Epit. 42, 3.—With gen.:

ut filiorum suorum postremum spiritum ore excipere liceret,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 45, § 118; Cels. 4, 4; 3, 27; Col. 6, 9, 3; Quint. 9, 4, 68; 11, 3, 32; 11, 3, 53 sq.—

Transf.

In abstr., a breathing:

aspera arteria excipiat animam eam, quae ducta sit spiritu,

Cic. N. D. 2, 54, 136; cf. id. ib. 2, 55, 138:

aër spiritu ductus alit et sustentat animantes,

id. ib. 2, 39, 101:

crevit onus neque habet quas ducat spiritus auras,

Ov. M. 12, 517.—Esp.: spiritum intercludere (includere), to stop the breath, suffocate, choke, etc.:

lacrimae spiritum et vocem intercluserunt,

Liv. 40, 16, 1; 40, 24, 7; so,

includere,

id. 21, 58, 4.—

The breath of a god, inspiration:

haec fieri non possent, nisi ea uno divino et continuato spiritu continerentur,

by a divine inspiration, Cic. N. D. 2, 7, 19; 3, 11, 28; cf.:

poëtam quasi divino quodam spiritu inflari,

id. Arch. 8, 18.—

The breath of life, life:

eum spiritum, quem naturae debeat, patriae reddere,

Cic. Phil. 10, 10, 20:

vos vero qui extremum spiritum in victoriā effudistis,

id. ib. 14, 12, 32:

dum spiritus hos regit artus,

Verg. A. 4, 336; cf. Hor. C. 4, 8, 14:

ne cum sensu doloris aliquo spiritus auferatur,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 45, § 118:

aliquem spiritu privare,

Vell. 2, 87, 2:

merula spiritum reddidit,

to expire, die, id. 2, 22, 2:

spiritus tenues vanescat in auras,

Ov. H. 12, 85:

non effundere mihi spiritum videbar, sed tradere,

Sen. Ep. 78, 4:

novissimum spiritum per ludibrium effundere,

Tac. H. 3, 66 fin.; cf. supra, I. B.—

Poet.,= suspirium, a sigh, Prop. 1, 16, 32; 2, 29 (3, 27), 38.—

In gram., a breathing or aspiration (asper and lenis), Prisc. p. 572 P.; Aus. Idyll. 12 de Monos. Graec. et Lat. 19. —

The hiss of a snake, Verg. Cul. 180.—

Trop.

(Class.) A haughty spirit, haughtiness, pride, arrogance; also, spirit, high spirit, energy, courage (esp. freq. in the plur.; syn. animi).

Sing. (in the best prose only in gen. and abl., which are wanting in plur.):

regio spiritu,

Cic. Agr. 2, 34, 93:

quem hominem! quā irā! quo spiritu!

id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 2, § 6:

illos ejus spiritus Siciliensis,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 9, § 22:

tantum fiduciae ac spiritūs,

Caes. B. C. 3, 72:

filia Hieronis, inflata adhuc regiis animis ac muliebri spiritu,

Liv. 24, 22:

patricii spiritūs animus,

id. 4, 42, 5:

ex magnitudine rerum spiritum ducat,

Quint. 1, 8, 5:

corpore majorem rides Turbonis in armis Spiritum et incessum,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 311:

cecidit spiritus ille tuus,

Prop. 2, 3, 2:

spiritu divino tactus,

Liv. 5, 22, 5:

non negaverim fuisse alti spiritūs viros,

Sen. Ep. 90, 14.—

Plur.:

res gestae, credo, meae me nimis extulerunt ac mihi nescio quos spiritus attulerunt,

Cic. Sull. 9, 27:

noratis animos ejus ac spiritus tribunicios, etc.,

id. Clu. 39, 109; cf.:

unius tribuni militum animos ac spiritus,

id. Imp. Pomp. 22, 66:

tantos sibi spiritus, sumpserat, ut ferendus non videretur,

Caes. B. G. 1, 33 fin. in re militari sumere, id. ib. 2, 4:

nam Dion regios spiritus repressit,

Nep. Dion, 5, 5:

cum spiritus plebes sumpsisset,

Liv. 4, 54:

si cui honores subdere spiritus potuerunt,

id. 7, 40:

remittant spiritus, comprimant animos suos, sedent arrogantiam, etc.,

Cic. Fl. 22, 53:

spiritus feroces,

Liv. 1, 31:

quorum se vim ac spiritus fregisse,

id. 26, 24:

cohibuit spiritus ejus Thrasea,

Tac. A. 16, 26:

Antipater, qui probe nosset spiritus ejus,

Curt. 6, 1, 19.—

(Mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose.) Spirit, soul, mind.

Sing.:

quoslibet occupat artus Spiritus,

Ov. M. 15, 167; Tac. A. 16, 34: spiritum Phoebus mihi, Phoebus artem Carminis dedit, poetic spirit or inspiration, Hor. C. 4, 6, 29; cf.:

mihi Spiritum Graiae tenuem Camenae Parca non mendax dedit,

id. ib. 2, 16, 38:

qualis Pindarico spiritus ore tonat,

Prop. 3, 17 (4, 16), 40:

imperator generosi spiritŭs,

Plin. 8, 40, 61, § 149: avidus (i. e. to epithumêtikon, the desiring, coveting soul), Hor. C. 2, 2, 10:

quidam comoedia necne poëma Esset, quaesivere: quod acer spiritus ac vis Nec verbis nec rebus inest,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 46:

majoris operis ac spiritūs,

Quint. 1, 9, 15:

alti spiritūs plena,

id. 10, 1, 44:

virtus magni spiritus est et recti,

Sen. Ep. 74, 29:

qui spiritus illi, Quis vultus vocisque sonus,

Verg. A. 5, 648.—

Plur.: Coriolanus hostiles jam tum spiritus gerens, Liv. 2, 35; Curt. 5, 8, 17.—

Transf. (like anima, and the Engl. soul), a beloved object, Vell. 2, 123 fin. —

Spiritus, personified, a spirit (late Lat.); so,

esp., Spiritus Sanctus or simply Spiritus,

the Holy Ghost, Holy Spirit, Cod. Just. 1, 1, 1; Aus. Ephem. 2, 18:

jurare per Deum et per Christum et per Spiritum Sanctum,

Veg. 2, 5:

nocens ille Spiritus,

an evil spirit, Lact. 4, 27, 12:

Spiritus nigri,

evil spirits, Sedul. Carm. 3, 41.

sĭtĭo, īvi or ĭi, 4, v. n. and a. [sitis].

Neutr., to thirst, be thirsty (class.).

Lit.:

ego esurio et sitio,

Plaut. Cas. 3, 6, 6; 4, 3, 4:

sitit haec anus,

id. Curc. 1, 2, 14:

in medio sitit flumine potans,

Lucr. 4, 1100:

ne homines sitirent,

Suet. Aug. 42.—With gen.:

cochleae cum sitiunt aëris,

Symm. Ep. 1, 27.—Prov.:

sitire mediis in undis,

i. e. to be poor in the midst of wealth, Ov. M. 9, 760.—

Transf. (esp. in the lang. of country people), of things (the earth, plants, etc.), to be dried up or parched, to want moisture:

siquidem est eorum (rusticorum) gemmare vites, sitire agros, laetas esse segetes, etc.,

Cic. Or. 24, 81; cf.:

sitire segetes,

Quint. 8, 6, 6: tosta sitit tellus, Ov. [p. 1713] F. 4, 940:

colles,

Front. Aquaed. 87; cf. infra, P. a.: aret ager;

vitio moriens sitit aëris herba,

Verg. E. 7, 57:

cum sitiunt herbae,

id. G. 4, 402:

arbores,

Plin. 17, 26, 40, § 249:

cacumina oleae,

id. 17, 14, 24, § 103 et saep.:

ipsi fontes jam sitiunt,

Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 4, § 11:

nec pati sitire salgama,

to be dry, Col. 12, 9, 2.—

Act., to thirst after a thing (rare, but in the trop. signif. class.; cf.: cupio, desidero).

Lit.:

auriferum Tagum sitiam patriumque Salonem,

Mart. 10, 96, 3.— Pass.:

quo plus sunt potae, plus sitiuntur aquae,

are thirsted for, Ov. F. 1, 216:

umor quomodo sititur destillans,

Plin. 17, 2, 2, § 15.—

Trop., as in all langg., to long for, thirst for, desire eagerly, covet:

sanguinem nostrum sitiebat,

Cic. Phil. 2, 7, 20; cf. Plin. 14, 22, 28, § 148:

sanguinem,

Just. 1, 8 fin. (opp. satiare); Sen. Thyest. 103: cruorem, Poët. ap. Suet. Tib. 59; cf.:

sitit hasta cruores,

Stat. Th. 12, 595:

honores,

Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 5, 3:

populus libertatem sitiens,

id. Rep. 1, 43, 66:

ultionem,

Val. Max. 7, 3 ext. 6; Vulg. Psa. 41, 3.—With gen.:

non quidem fallacis undae sitit, sed verae beatitudinis esurit et sitit,

App. de Deo Socr. 54, 27.—Hence, sĭtĭens, entis, P. a., thirsting, thirsty, athirst.

Lit.:

ut ipse ad portam sitiens pervenerim,

Cic. Pis. 25, 61:

quae (pocula) arenti sitientes hausimus ore,

Ov. M. 14, 277:

Tantalus,

Hor. S. 1, 1, 68:

viator,

Ov. Am. 3, 6, 97:

saecla ferarum,

Lucr. 5, 947:

sitienti aqua datur,

Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 23.—

Transf. (acc. to I. B.), of places, plants, etc., dry, parched, arid, without moisture (syn. aridus):

hortus,

Ov. P. 1, 8, 60.—By metonymy also, Afri, Verg. E. 1, 65:

olea,

Plin. 15, 3, 3, § 9:

luna,

i. e. cloudless, bright, id. 17, 9, 8, § 57; 17, 14, 24, § 112:

Canicula,

arid, parching, Ov. A. A. 2, 231.— Neutr. plur. absol.:

lonchitis nascitur in sitientibus,

in dry, arid places, Plin. 25, 11, 88, § 137; so,

in sitientibus aut siccis asperis,

id. 12, 28, 61, § 132.—With gen.:

sitientia Africae,

Plin. 10, 73, 94, § 201.—

Trop., thirsting for, desiring eagerly, greedy:

gravius ardentiusque sitiens,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 6, 16:

(amator) avidus sitiensque,

Ov. R. Am. 247:

regna Ditis, Petr. poët. 121, 116: aures,

Cic. Att. 2, 14, 1.— Poet.:

modice sitiens lagena,

of moderate capacity, Pers. 3, 92.—With gen.:

virtutis,

Cic. Planc. 5, 13:

famae,

Sil. 3, 578:

pecuniae (with avarus et avidus),

Gell. 12, 2, 13:

sermonis,

Claud. Cons. Mall. Theod. 251.—Hence, adv.: sĭtĭenter, thirstily, eagerly, greedily (acc. to B.):

sitienter quid expetens,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 17, 37; so,

incumbere hauriendis voluptatibus,

Lact. 2, 1, 3:

haurire salutares illas aquas,

App. M. 9, p. 218 fin.; 3, p. 135, 35.

cŭpĭo, īvi or ĭi, ītum, 3 ( imperf. subj. cŭpīret, Lucr. 1, 72; quoted ap. Non. p. 506 fin., and ap. Prisc. p. 879 P.), v. a. [Sanscr kup, to be in active motion, to be angry; cf. recupero], to long for a thing, to desire, wish (designating a natural, involuntary inclination, or an unbridled or passionate desire, while volo indicates an energetic will, and opto a deliberate wish or choice, Cic. Mil. 12, 32; Sen. Ep. 116, 2; cf. Klotz in Jahn's Neues Jahrb. 1834, II. p. 119 sq.; freq. in every per. and species of composition); constr. with acc., inf., acc. and inf., acc. and part., ut, ne, the gen., or absol.

In gen.

Lit., of persons.

With acc.:

quid istuc tam cupide cupis?

Plaut. Cas. 2, 3, 49:

nec bonum illud esse, quod cupias ardenter,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 17, 39:

nuptias,

Ter. Heaut. 5, 1, 12:

cupere eadem, eadem odisse,

Sall. J. 31, 14:

domum alius, alius agros,

id. C. 11. 4:

novas res,

id. J. 70, 1:

quanto plura parasti, Tanto plura cupis,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 148:

(magistratus, imperia, etc.) minime mihi hac tempestate cupienda videntur,

Sall. J. 3, 1; cf. Ov. Tr. 4, 4, 66 et saep.—In part. perf.: corde cupitus, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 20, 41:

cupitus atque exspectatus,

Plaut. Poen. 5, 4, 104:

Mars videt hanc visamque cupit potiturque cupitā,

Ov. F. 3, 21:

cupitus aetatis flos,

Lucr. 3, 770;

5, 847: cujus rei semper cupitae,

Liv. 26, 7, 3; Tac. A. 4, 3 et saep.:

tandem huic cupitum contigit,

Plaut. Poen. 5, 4, 116; so in neutr., Liv. 3, 37, 7; Tac. A. 6, 32; 14, 2 al.—

With inf. (so most freq.):

emori cupio,

Ter. Heant. 5, 2, 18:

vitam mutare,

Lucr. 5, 170; 1, 71:

te celare de phaleris,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 12, § 29:

audire cupio,

id. Caecin. 12, 33:

diem consumere,

id. Att. 4, 2, 4:

operam navare,

Caes. B. G. 2, 25 fin.:

proelium facere,

Sall. J. 57, 4 et saep.:

cum nostri quid sine imperatore efficere possent perspici cuperent,

Caes. B. G. 3, 21.—

With acc. and inf.:

te tuā frui virtute cupimus,

Cic. Brut. 97, 331; id. Fam. 1, 2, 2: cupio me esse clementem;

cupio in tantis rei publicae periculis me non dissolutum videri,

id. Cat. 1, 2, 4; cf.

Haase ad Reisig, Lect. p. 790: (Pausanias) se tecum affinitate conjungi cupit,

Nep. Paus. 2, 3.—

With acc. and part.: Cu. Quis nominat me? Ph. Qui te conventum cupit. Cu. Hau me magis cupis, quam te ego cupio, Plaut. Curc. 2, 3, 25.—

With ut:

cupio ut impetret,

Plaut. Capt. 1, 1, 34:

quin etiam necesse erit cupere et optare, ut peccet, etc.,

Cic. Lael. 16, 59:

responsum est mihi cupere quidem universos ut a me rationes coloniae legerentur,

Plin. Ep. 10, 47 (56), 1. —

With ne:

cupio, ne... habeant,

Plin. Ep. 5, 17, 6; cf. Ov. H. 6, 6.—

With subj. alone:

cupio te quoque sub idem tempus Campania tua remittat,

Plin. Ep. 5, 14 (15), 9.—

Absol.:

ubi nolis, cupiunt ultro,

Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 43:

qui cupit aut metuit,

Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 51;

so with metuo,

id. ib. 1, 6, 12; 1, 16, 65; cf. Cic. de Or. 2, 44, 185; 1, 1, 2:

cohortatus suos, omnibus cupientibus ad hostium castra contendit,

Caes. B. G. 3, 24; cf. id. ib. 3, 19 et saep.—

With gen.:

pol quamquam domi cupio, opperiar,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 1, 23 Brix ad loc.; cf. P. a. a infra. —With gen. pers.:

quae (puellae) cupiunt tui,

Plaut. Mil. 4, 1, 17; cf.:

jam dudum vestri cupiunt Lucrina tacita,

Symm. Ep. 1, 8 init. —

Transf., of things:

asperiora vina rigari utique cupiunt,

Plin. 17, 26, 41, § 250.—

Pregn., to be well disposed, be favorable or inclined to one, to favor, to wish well, to be interested for, etc.:

favere et cupere Helvetiis propter eam affinitatem,

Caes. B. G. 1, 18; cf.:

quid ego Fundanio non cupio?

Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 3, § 10:

ipsi Glycerio,

Ter. And. 5, 4, 2: cui maxime, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 4, 4:

cujus causā omnia cum cupio, tum mehercule etiam debeo,

Cic. Fam. 13, 75, 1; cf.:

causam mihi tradidit, quem suā causā cupere ac debere intellegebat,

id. Rosc. Am. 51, 149:

vehementer ejus causā,

id. Fam. 13, 64, 1:

qui istius causā cupiunt omnia, qui ab eo benignissime tractati sunt, etc.,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 73, § 180; cf. id. Div. in Caecil. 6, 21 Halm ad loc.—Hence the phrase cupio omnia quaevis, your wishes are mine; cf. the Engl., I am entirely at your service, Hor. S. 1, 9, 5.—Hence, cŭpĭens, entis, P. a., desiring, desirous, longing, eager for something (mostly ante- class. and post-Aug.; most freq. in Plaut. and Tac.).

With gen.:

corporis,

Plaut. Mil. 4, 2, 7:

nuptiarum,

id. ib. 4, 4, 29:

tui (tua amica),

id. ib. 4, 2, 58:

liberorum,

Tac. A. 16, 6:

novarum rerum,

id. ib. 15, 46:

bonarum artium,

id. ib. 6, 46:

voluptatum,

id. ib. 14, 14:

erogandae pecuniae,

id. ib. 1, 75.— Comp., Aur. Vict. Caes. 24.— Sup.: cupientissimus legis, Sall. Fragm. ap. Diom. p. 291 P.—

Absol.:

ut quibusque bellum invitis aut cupientibus erat,

Tac. A. 1, 59.— Sup.:

Marius cupientissimā plebe consul factus,

Sall. J. 84, 1.— Adv.: cŭpĭenter, desirously, earnestly, eagerly, = cupide (only ante-class.): cupienter cupere, Enn. ap. Non. p. 91, 8 (Trag. Rel. v. 337 Vahl.):

discerpere membra,

Att. ib. p. 91, 6 (Trag. Rel. v. 543 Rib.):

petere,

Plaut. Ps. 2, 3, 17.

dēsīdĕrātĭo, ōnis, f. [desidero], a desiring, longing for any thing; a missing (rare): voluptatum, * Cic. de Sen. 14, 47; plur. Vitr. 8 praef. fin. —

The question to be examined:

relinquetur desideratio, quid, etc.,

Vitr. 2, 6, 4.